CANCER PREVENTION
Prevention is the action of stopping something from happening. We often focus on how to support a person who has already been diagnosed with a health condition, however a big focus on health should be ways in which we can prevent the condition from occurring in the first place. Although cancers can develop for many reasons outside our control, there are many factors which we can change (called modifiable factors), which may alter our risk for developing cancer and other chronic diseases. By addressing these modifiable factors, we can focus on prevention.
As you can see from the table above, there are a number of influencing factors that we have the ability to change. In this article, we will briefly touch on some of these modifiable factors and how they impact our health with respect to cancer prevention, and how naturopathic medicine can help!
Diet
Although the information isn’t very clear regarding the impact our diet has on the risk of developing cancer, there are a few associations that have been found between certain dietary factors and cancer risk, according to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research [1-4]:
Eating whole grains and high fiber foods (such as fruit, vegetables and legumes) is associated with a protective effect against developing colorectal cancer
Diets high in “fast foods” or processed foods (which are typically higher in trans/saturated fats, salt and sugar) are associated with increased risk of developing obesity, which is associated with increased risk of cancer
Higher intakes of red and processed meat are associated with an increased risk in developing colorectal cancer
High intake of sugar, including in beverages such as soda pop, can contribute to overweight/obesity, which is a risk factor for developing many cancers
Eating a diet high in fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains, healthy fats and lean proteins, and limited intake of processed foods and sugar is a great step toward cancer prevention, as well as prevention of other health conditions like obesity. At Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine, we work with patients to develop an individualized diet plan addressing these risk factors and recommend healthier alternatives.
Physical Activity
Being physically active is associated with a reduced risk of developing colorectal, breast and uterine cancer, and also helps prevent excess weight gain and obesity.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that adults should be physically active most days of the week, for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week. Some examples of moderate-intensity exercise include shovelling snow, jogging, swimming, bicycling, and dancing. By incorporating more physical activity into our week, we are also reducing the amount of time we spend sitting (called sedentary activity), which on its own is a risk factor for developing other conditions like obesity [5].
Toxic Exposures and Lifestyle Factors
Toxic exposures refers to exposures of substances that have the potential to cause harm in high amounts. Exposures can occur through our occupation, the environment (ie. pollution, contaminated water, etc), our diet, and even the hygiene and cosmetic products we use every day (ie. deodorants, perfumes, etc). For example, there are chemicals known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which can interfere with our own hormonal (endocrine) system, and can result in an increased risk of developing hormone-associated cancers such as breast cancer. EDCs can be found in plastics, shampoos and other cosmetics, pesticides and others [6].
Two other important toxic exposures to discuss are cigarette smoking and alcohol intake, both of which are strongly associated with increased risk of developing cancer. At Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine, we assess what exposures to toxic substances you may have been or are currently exposed to, and offer recommendations and tools to help reduce exposures and support the body’s own ability to naturally detoxify.
For more information about reducing your exposures to environmental risk factors, check out this webpage by the Canadian Cancer Society: https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/reduce-your-risk/know-your-environment.
Immune Health and Stress
In addition to decreasing the risk of infection, our immune system plays an important role in the development of cancer. A type of white blood cell, called a natural killer (NK) cell, is one of the main immune cells responsible for recognizing cancer cells and preventing them from growing and moving to other areas in the body [7]. Some factors that play a role in how well our immune system functions are adequate sleep, a healthy diet, physical activity levels, sources of inflammation, nutrient deficiencies, and stress levels. It is important to look at any reasons why our immune system may not be functioning optimally, and address these factors to support our health.
The impact of stress on cancer development is still unclear, however there are indirect associations with stress on risk of developing cancer. As mentioned above, stress can impact how well our immune system functions, and can also impact our sleep quality. There are ways in which we can reduce the impact stress has on our health, including meditation, yoga or other restorative exercises, acupuncture, journaling and counselling. Naturopathic Doctors are trained in acupuncture, and are knowledgeable in many stress supports including lifestyle modifications and nutrients/botanicals to manage the body’s stress responses.
There are many ways in which we can make healthier changes to help in the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer and others like cardiovascular disease and obesity. At Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine, our Naturopathic Doctors are well-trained in assessing the overall health of patients and identifying where support may be needed. Prevention of disease is not commonly discussed, however it is one of the guiding principles of naturopathic medicine [8] and vital to our overall health.
References:
[1] https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/eat-wholegrains-vegetables-fruit-and-beans/
[2] https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/limit-fast-foods/
[3] https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/limit-red-and-processed-meat/
[4] https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/limit-sugar-sweetened-drinks/
[5] https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/be-physically-active/
[6] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7731339/
[7] https://molecular-cancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12943-020-01238-x
