Harnessing the Power of Fibre

It is easy to overlook the importance of dietary choices in safeguarding against various ailments. One such silent protector in our diet is fibre, a nutrient with profound implications for our digestive health and, notably, in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is the 4th most diagnosed cancer in Canada[i], and lifestyle factors such as diet can play a significant role in its development.

At Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine, we practice a comprehensive approach to wellness, and understanding the role of fibre in colorectal cancer is paramount.

What is fibre?

Fibre is the portion from plant-based foods that our bodies cannot fully digest and end up being fermented or broken down by the bacteria that live in our digestive tracts (called the gut microbiome).

The fermentation of fibre by our gut bacteria produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate, which is the main source of energy for colon cells.

Why is fibre important?

Fibre helps move substances through our GI system, thereby facilitating the elimination of carcinogenic substances. Additionally, the SCFAs (including butyrate) have anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and anti-carcinogenic effects on the cells of our colon and help slow the growth of colon cancer cells.

Gut Dysbiosis

Our diet plays an important role in balancing the bacterial populations that make up our gut microbiome. Diets that are higher in fibre help to promote bacteria that produce butyrate and reduce inflammation. Diets low in fibre can lead to gut dysbiosis (a decrease in the beneficial bacteria and an increase in bacteria that promote inflammation).

We believe in empowering our patients with actionable steps to optimize their health. Here are some practical tips for incorporating more fibre into your diet:

• Embrace whole foods over refined, highly-processed options.

• Load up on produce, aiming for a colorful variety to maximize your nutrient intake.

• Snack smart to curb cravings and boost fibre intake throughout the day.

• Experiment with legumes in soups, salads, and stews.

Great sources of fibre for fermentation, butyrate production, and promoting microbiome diversity include soluble fibres such as:

Beta-glucans – oats, barley, sorghum, rye, mushrooms

Pectins – Apples, oranges, apricots, white beans, black beans

Inulin – Agave, artichokes, asparagus, bananas, chicory root, garlic, onions, leeks, wheat

A diet rich in a variety of dietary sources of fibre is beneficial for health – it helps substances move through the gut, balances sugar and cholesterol levels, and promotes a healthy gut microbiome. Aim for 30 grams of fibre per day from foods including grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts and seeds.

We stand committed to guiding you on your journey to vibrant health, one fibre-filled meal at a time.

[i] https://www.colorectalcancercanada.com/colorectal-cancer/statistics/

Sources:

Fratila, T. D., Ismaiel, A., & Dumitrascu, D. L. (2023). Microbiome modulation in the prevention and management of colorectal cancer: A systematic review of clinical interventions. Medicine and Pharmacy Reports, 96(2), 131–145. https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-2526

Madrigal-Matute, J., & Bañón-Escandell, S. (2023). Colorectal Cancer and Microbiota Modulation for Clinical Use. A Systematic Review. Nutrition and Cancer, 75(1), 123–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2022.2108468

Rinninella, E., Mele, M. C., Cintoni, M., Raoul, P., Ianiro, G., Salerno, L., Pozzo, C., Bria, E., Muscaritoli, M., Molfino, A., & Gasbarrini, A. (2020). The Facts about Food after Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients, 12(8), 2345. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082345

Holscher, H. D. (2017). Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes, 8(2), 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2017.1290756

Bashir, K. M. I., & Choi, J.-S. (2017). Clinical and Physiological Perspectives of β-Glucans: The Past, Present, and Future. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(9), 1906. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18091906

Ross, J. K., English, C., & Perlmutter, C. A. (1985). Dietary fiber constituents of selected fruits and vegetables. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 85(9), 1111–1116.

Tosif, M. M., Najda, A., Bains, A., Kaushik, R., Dhull, S. B., Chawla, P., & Walasek-Janusz, M. (2021). A Comprehensive Review on Plant-Derived Mucilage: Characterization, Functional Properties, Applications, and Its Utilization for Nanocarrier Fabrication. Polymers, 13(7), 1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071066

Dhingra, D., Michael, M., Rajput, H., & Patil, R. T. (2012). Dietary fibre in foods: A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 49(3), 255–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0365-5

Recipes For Happiness

The foods we eat give us the nutrients necessary for good health. Our body runs on biochemical machinery (like the engine of a car) which requires the right fuel for optimal function. The neurotransmitters in our brain that contribute to our well-being and happiness require the right nutrient raw materials for their synthesis and conversion to help us stay happy, calm, and motivated to live our best lives.

We’ve gathered some recipes for happiness that have all the right nutrients to support these neurotransmitters and keep you fueled for wellness and success!

serotonin

Serotonin contributes to well-being and happiness, and helps with sleep cycles and digestive system regulation. Serotonin is made from the amino acid tryptophan, which can be found in high amounts in chia seeds, whole milk, sesame seeds, yogurt, pumpkin seeds, prunes, spirulina, raw cacao, wheat bread, and edamame beans.

Image source - Oh She Glows website

(Happy) health chia seed pudding:

https://ohsheglows.com/healthy-chocolate-chia-pudding/

*This recipe is made with chia seeds and cacao, which are both rich in tryptophan. Chia seeds have 202mg of tryptophan per ounce, and cacao has 18mg per ounce. Top with pumpkin seeds (121mg/oz) and sesame seeds (189mg/oz) for a tryptophan-packed snack when you need a serotonin boost!

dopamine

Dopamine is associated with feelings of pleasure and motivation; people tend to repeat behaviours that lead to dopamine release, so it is also associated with addiction. Dopamine is made from the amino acid tyrosine (which our bodies are able to make), but they require another amino acid - phenylalanine - in order to do so. Phenylalanine is an amino acid our bodies don’t make, so we need to obtain it through diet. Phenylalanine is found in high amounts in many high-protein animal products such as chicken, beef, eggs, fatty fish, dairy products, legumes, nuts, seeds, and spinach.

Image source - Against All Grain website

(dopamine-driven) healthy chicken parmesan

https://againstallgrain.com/2011/04/21/chicken-parmesan-with-spaghetti-squash/

*This recipe is made with chicken (1310mg of phenylalanine per 100g) and parmesan cheese (1870mg/100g). Add in some spinach and get ready to take on the day!

GABA

GABA is the calming neurotransmitter. GABA is made from the amino acid glutamate, which is excitatory and can actually increase feelings of anxiety. Vitamin B6 is necessary in the conversion of glutamate (excitatory) to GABA (calming) to help you maintain a relaxed and balanced mood.

Inage source - Nadia’s Healthy Kitchen website

crunchy (calm) pistachio bars

https://nadiashealthykitchen.com/5-ingredient-crunchy-pistachio-bars/

*This recipe is made with pistachios, which have 2.1mg per cup, which is the highest amount of Vitamin B6 per 100g - even compared to animal products. With a bit of serotonin-promoting chocolate, this is a happy snack!

Happy, healthy eating!

Dr. Jacalyn Sieben, ND

resources:

1. Mosconi, L. (2018). Brain Food.

2. https://ohsheglows.com/healthy-chocolate-chia-pudding/

3. https://againstallgrain.com/2011/04/21/chicken-parmesan-with-spaghetti-squash/

4. https://nadiashealthykitchen.com/5-ingredient-crunchy-pistachio-bars/

Don’t Settle For Just “Getting By”

understanding and addressing depression

Now that spring is well on its way, is your mood picking up? If you’re still feeling the “blahs” – low energy, persistent sadness, changes in appetite or sleep patterns, and a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed – this might be more than the winter blues.

While Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a well-known culprit for winter blues, it’s crucial not to overlook other underlying issues that may contribute to depressive symptoms. Booking an appointment with your ND can provide valuable insights into your mental and physical well-being. During your visit, we can explore various factors contributing to depression, including hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, lifestyle habits, and environmental stressors.

By taking a comprehensive approach, we can tailor a treatment plan to address your unique needs. This may include a combination of dietary adjustments, supplementation, herbal remedies, lifestyle modifications, and acupuncture. Additionally, we will work collaboratively with you to uncover any potential root causes and develop strategies for long-term wellness.

Here a few tips to consider as we hop into spring…

Protein

Foods that are rich in protein contain amino acids that help produce neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. If your protein intake is low, you may experience low mood. Most adults require 1g of protein per kilogram of body weight. Fortunately, it is easy to increase your protein intake – here are some easy ideas to snack on:

• A handful of unsalted almonds, walnuts, and/or pecans

• A hard-boiled egg

• No-bake energy balls

• An apple with 2 tbsp nut butter of your choice

• Sausage sticks or jerky (aim for ones with no fillers)

• Edamame

Mediterranean Diet

The Mediterranean Diet is a diet high in fish, legumes, whole grains, vegetables, fruits, seeds, and olive oil. It is low in high fat meats and dairy products. Following the Mediterranean Diet has been shown to be protective against depression at all ages throughout a person’s lifespan. For more information, check out our past blog post.

Exercise

Adults (including seniors) should get at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week[i]. Think that’s a stretch? Here are some ways to incorporate more movement into your day:

• Do squats or lunges while you brush your teeth

• Park farther away from stores or work

• Take the stairs

• Spontaneous dancing (at home OR in public 😊)

• Deep clean something

• Get up and move your body during commercial breaks – marching in place, jumping jacks, walking lunges across the room…be creative!

Sunshine

Exposure to sunlight increases serotonin levels in the brain. While you may be taking a Vitamin D supplement to keep your levels up, being in the sunshine is the best source of natural Vitamin D[ii]. In order to optimize your exposure, we recommend spending anywhere between 5-30 minutes each day outside[iii] – and while you’re out there, why don’t you get in that little extra bit of exercise and take a walk around the block?

Did you know that Vitamin D is not typically tested when you have bloodwork completed by your physician? Many people may be deficient in this important vitamin and not even know it. If this is something you are concerned about or would like to know more, bring it up with your naturopathic doctor - it may be worth investigating!

Don’t forget…

You don’t have to navigate depression alone. Your mental health matters every day and every season of the year.

[i] https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/physical-activity-tips-adults-18-64-years.html

[ii] Raymond-Lezman JR, Riskin SI. Benefits and Risks of Sun Exposure to Maintain Adequate Vitamin D Levels. Cureus. 2023 May 5;15(5):e38578. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38578. PMID: 37284402; PMCID: PMC10239563.

[iii] Srivastava SB. Vitamin D: Do We Need More Than Sunshine? Am J Lifestyle Med. 2021 Apr 3;15(4):397-401. doi: 10.1177/15598276211005689. PMID: 34366736; PMCID: PMC8299926.

Naturopathic Supports for Alzheimer's Disease

naturopathic medicine can provide a great deal of support for patients dealing with alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive conditions.

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide and is the most common form of dementia. Risks for AD can include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, alcohol consumption, obesity, and increasing age as these can cause neuroinflammation within the body. While there is no cure for AD, naturopathic approaches offer a holistic perspective by focusing on lifestyle, nutrition, and complementary therapies.

As it is never too early to begin thinking about your cognitive health, here are some things you can start doing today to reduce your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

Mediterranean Diet

Studies have shown that individuals who adhered to a Mediterranean diet were associated with a reduced risk of dementia and cognitive decline in comparison to individuals who did not adhere to the diet. The Mediterranean diet is a diet that emphasizes the consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats to lower inflammation within the body thus lowering the risk of developing AD.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Dietary intake or supplementation of omga-3 fatty acids has also been shown to help reduce risk of cognitive decline due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Foods rich in omega-3 include nuts and seeds including flaxseeds, walnuts and chia seeds or cold-water fish including salmon, mackerel, sardines, and herring.

Vitamin D

Patients with AD have a higher prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency, low mood and impaired cognitive performance so ensuring that Vitamin D levels are being tested and supplemented accordingly with foods and fats is beneficial.

Yours in good health,

Sami Leung

1. Lu’o’ng, K. V., & Nguyên, L. T. (2011). The beneficial role of vitamin D in Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 26(7), 511–520. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317511429321

2. Scarmeas, N., Stern, Y., Tang, M. X., Mayeux, R., & Luchsinger, J. A. (2006). Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of Neurology, 59(6), 912–921. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.20854

3. Sobue, A., Komine, O. & Yamanaka, K. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: microglial signature and their relevance to disease. Inflamm Regenen 43, 26 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-023-00277-3

4. Wei, B. Z., Li, L., Dong, C. W., Tan, C. C., Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, & Xu, W. (2023). The Relationship of Omega-3 Fatty Acids with Dementia and Cognitive Decline: Evidence from Prospective Cohort Studies of Supplementation, Dietary Intake, and Blood Markers. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 117(6), 1096–1109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.001

5. Welty F. K. (2023). Omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive function. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 34(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000862

Probiotics, Your Microbiome and Your Mood

Have you ever noticed that what you eat impacts your mood? Have you felt worse after binging on junk food or after a night of drinking? There is compelling research suggesting that it may not be just the guilt talking - your microbiome may be contributing in a large way to the conversation.  

What is the microbiome?  

There are 10- to 100-trillion symbiotic microbes of various species existing in and around the human body, collectively referred to as the microbiome [1]. These friendly microbes outnumber your own human cells and have recently become popularized for the growing body of evidence detailing the vast impacts they have on human physiology and behaviour. 

The microbes in your intestines make vitamins, amino acids, hormones, neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules that impact the way your brain and body function [2], [3]. They also produce short-chain fatty acids as byproducts that your intestinal cells use for energy, which contributes to healthy gut function [3].  

These microbes live in our digestive tract and survive off the foods that we eat. Just like any other living organism, their health (and therefore ours) depends on consuming a healthy diet. It has been shown that dietary changes (e.g. from animal-based to plant-based), as well as any significant systemic stress and inflammation can alter the composition (i.e. diversity and abundance of species) of your microbiome within just 24 hours [3].  

Altered microbiome composition has been associated with many conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune arthritis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis [3]. This is not surprising given the significant role these organisms have in regulating metabolism and immunity. In fact, researchers are finding that the microbiome composition in a given disease seem to have a different complement of microbes associated with it. For example, an IBD microbiome has less diversity (fewer species of healthy microbes), and lower numbers of good bacterial species. Therefore, it has lower short-chain fatty acid production [3]. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are essential to the health of your intestinal cells and are also thought to be anti-inflammatory in the gut [3]. 

The Microbiome’s Effect on Mood & Behaviour  

Gut microbes relay messages to the brain via various direct and indirect mechanisms - bacterial metabolites, metabolic precursors, immune signalling, vagus nerve signalling, and Hypothalamic Pituitary-Adrenal axis activation [4], [5]. It is through these mechanisms that neurodevelopment or neurodegeneration are influenced [5]. A significant portion of the microbiome influence on the brain comes via the gut-brain axis: a bi-directional pathway connecting the nervous system in your digestive tract to the central nervous system (your brain) [4], [5]. As shown in the graphic below, your gut and your brain communicate directly via nerves that transmit different signals and molecules, which can have a profound effect both ways to both systems [6].

Photo credit: https://fhs.mcmaster.ca/forsythe-lab/microbiota_gut_brain_axis.html 

Considering the gut-brain axis and the physical manifestations that different microbiome composition can produce, it should be no surprise that there are mental/emotional implications as well. Many psychiatric and neurological pathologies have gastrointestinal co-morbidities, including schizophrenia, autism, neurodegenerative diseases, anxiety, and depression [7]. As noted above, different pathologies have different microbiome composition. This extends to mood and neurodegenerative disorders, such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and autism spectrum disorder [2], [5], [8]. There is also data suggesting that alterations in the microbiome from addictions (e.g. alcohol, cocaine) may be associated with substance cravings and increased risk of developing associated psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression [9], [10]. 

Probiotics & Your Mood 

Probiotics are supplements that contain healthy microbes that ,when ingested, influence the health of your microbiome. Probiotics used to benefit mood and cognition have been coined “psychobiotics,” and are a burgeoning new area of interest in research. A study by Tillisch et al. used brain scans (functional magnetic resonance imaging) to demonstrate the ability of probiotics to alter brain activity in areas associated with processing emotion and sensation, and to reduce negative thinking associated with sad mood [4], [7], [11], [12]. While most studies indicate that further research in this area is needed, associations between specific strains of microbial species and their benefits on various conditions are rapidly emerging [7], [13][14]. A recent human clinical trial of adjunctive probiotic intervention for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) showed that compared with placebo, probiotic intervention exhibited greater improvement in depressive symptoms [15]. Participants who received the probiotic intervention experienced reductions in both depression and anxiety, and the probiotics were well-tolerated, prompting the authors to suggest probiotics as an acceptable adjunctive intervention for adults with MDD [15]. 

How Can I Support My Microbiome? 

Lifestyle 

A healthy lifestyle goes a long way in supporting your microbiome, and healthy eating is just one part of it. As mentioned earlier, dietary changes, significant systemic stress, and inflammation can alter your microbiome within just 24 hours. There are many different types of stress - physical, mental and emotional - that can lead to physiologic changes that can alter the microbiome. Practicing stress management through self-care, meditation, social connection, thoughtful schedule planning, getting adequate sleep, and setting appropriate boundaries with people and responsibilities will help you be more resilient in dealing with stress. The better you are at managing stress, the less likely it will spill over into added physical or mood-related symptoms.  

Digestive Supports 

Probiotics are a great start to improving your gut health and mood, though quality and potency matter!  Our naturopathic doctors are here to assess if and which type of probiotics are most suitable for you, as well as to review if any further testing or treatments are indicated to optimize your digestive and mental health.  

We are here to help, so reach out if you are looking for professional guidance! 

In Health,  

Dr. Jacalyn Sieben, ND 

[1] Ursell, L.K. et al. (2012). Defining the human microbiome. Nutrition Reviews. Vol. 70 (Suppl. 1):S38- S44. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00493.x

[2] Dinan, T.G. & Cryan, J.F. Mood by microbe: Towards clinical translation. Genome Medicine. 8:36. DOI  10.1186/s13073-016-0292-1

[3] Corfe, B.M. et al. (2015). The multifactorial interplay of diet, the microbiome, and appetite control:  current knowledge and future challenges. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 74, 235-244.  doi:10.1017/S0029665114001670

[4] Dinan, T.G., Stilling, R.M., Stanton, C., Cryan, J.F. (2015). Collective unconscious: How gut microbes shape human behavior. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 63:1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jpsychires.2015.02.021

[5] Sharon, G. et al. (2016). The central nervous system and the gut microbiome. Cell. 167. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.027

[6] McMaster University. (2019). The microbiota-gut-brain axis. [Digital Image] Retrieved from: https:// fhs.mcmaster.ca/forsythe-lab/microbiota_gut_brain_axis.html

[7] Sampson, T.R. & Mazmanian, S.K. (2015). Control of brain development, function, and behavior by the microbiome. Cell Host & Microbe. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2015.04.011

[8] Jiang, H. et al. (2015). Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 48:186-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.016

[9] Hillemacher, T., et al. (2018). Alcohol, microbiome, and their effect on psychiatric disorders. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. Volume 85, Pages 105-115. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.015

[10] Kiraly, D.D. et al. (2016). Alterations of the host microbiome affect behavioral responses to cocaine. Scientific Reports. 6:35455. DOI: 10.1038/srep35455

[11] Rea, K., Dinan, T.G., Cryan, J.F. (2016). The microbiome: A key regulator of stress and neuroinflammation. Neurobiology of Stress. 23-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.03.001

[12] Tillisch, K., Labus, J., Kilpatrick, L., Jiang, Z., Stains, J., Ebrat, B., Guyonnet, D., Legrain-Raspaud, S., Trotin, B., Naliboff, B., et al. (2013). Consumption of fermented milk product with probiotic modulates brain activity. Gastroenter- ology 144, 1394–1401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.02.043

[13] Foster, J.A., Rinaman, L., & Cryan, J.F. (2017). Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome. Neurobiology of Stress. 124-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.0 01

[14] Sarkar, A. et al. (2016). Psychobiotics and the manipulation of bacteria-gut-brain signals. Trends in Neurosciences. Vol 39, No. 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2016.09.002

[15] Nikolova VL, Cleare AJ, Young AH, Stone JM. (2023). Acceptability, Tolerability, and Estimates of Putative Treatment Effects of Probiotics as Adjunctive Treatment in Patients with Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1817

Spring Cleaning - For Your Body!

Liver health is so important for eliminating toxins, processing hormones, and supporting overall health. When it lacks essential nutrients or is overloaded with toxins, it obviously won't perform as it should.

Here are our favorite liver-loving tips as we enjoy spring...

1. Limit alcohol intake.

2. Choose organic when you can. (A recent study published this month found that lifetime exposure of glyphosate - the most heavily-used pesticide on the planet - was associated with liver inflammation and metabolic syndrome by early adulthood. (PMID: 36856429)

3. Include bitter foods in your diet such as endive, brussels sprouts, arugula, artichokes, apple cider vinegar, dandelion greens, citrus fruits, and microgreens. These foods stimulate bile flow (the carrier product for unwanted toxins, hormonal waste, and cholesterol) to dump into your bowels for elimination. Beets are great for this, too!

4. Try having a glass of warm lemon water on an empty stomach first thing in the morning to stimulate the liver and bile flow.

5. Avoid processed foods (including products with high amounts of sugar and artificial sweeteners).

6. Diaphragmatic breathing with long, full exhales supports TCM liver health, along with MOVEMENT. Sweat for at least 10 minutes through movement - dance/run/bike/flow.

7. Enjoy lots of sulfur-rich foods such as Allium vegetables (onions, garlic, shallots, leeks) and cruciferous veggies (brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale, arugula, broccoli, cauliflower).

8. Consume generous amounts of healthy fats such as olive oil, nuts/seeds, and avocado to supply the liver the fats it needs to keep the bile flowing well.

9. Add in B-complex vitamins, especially if grains are limited in your diet.

Remember:

• This all works best when combined with other healthy living practices such as regular activity, adequate hydration, and a low-sugar whole foods diet.

• Ensure you are having daily bowel movements to keep the waste products moving through and to prevent absorption of unwanted toxins.

• Phase 2 liver "detox" requires amino acid from the protein in your diet, so ensure your protein needs are being met!

Chat with your ND if you want to learn more about your specific liver health needs!

How Optimizing Gut Health Can Keep Your Cholesterol Levels in Check

First off, what is cholesterol anyway?

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is produced by your liver. Cholesterol is actually vital for many different structures and functions in the body such as the formation of cell membranes, hormone production, and the synthesis of vitamin D from the sun. So if it plays all of these key roles, why are we so concerned when cholesterol levels get high?

You may have heard by now that we have “good” (HDL) and “bad” (LDL) types of cholesterol. HDL and LDL stand for high density and low density lipoprotein. These are particles made from fat and protein that attach themselves to cholesterol to transport them throughout the blood stream. LDL is associated with the bad form of cholesterol as its function is to carry cholesterol to the arteries. When LDL levels get too high it may collect in vessel walls and contribute to plaque formation (atherosclerosis) in addition to increasing your risk of heart disease and stroke. HDL on the other hand functions by transporting cholesterol back to the liver – almost like a clean up crew- to prevent blood cholesterol levels from getting too high. So when cholesterol gets returned to the liver – what happens next? In the liver, cholesterol is secreted directly into bile where it is then secreted into the intestines. This is where optimizing gut health comes into play.

Once cholesterol reaches the intestines one of two things can happen. One, the bile is removed from the body via fecal excretion or two, the cholesterol is re-absorbed by enterocytes (cells that line our gut) and returned back to circulation. The intestine typically absorbs about 50% of the cholesterol presented to it – but this can vary from 20%-80% depending on the person. Of the absorbed cholesterol, approximately 80% comes from bile and only ~20% comes from diet (which is why eggs might not be so bad after all). Given that it seems our bodies own production and subsequent elimination of cholesterol seems to be the larger issue, how can we help swing our reabsorption percent from 50-80% down to 20%?

1. FIBER:

   • Soluble fiber can reduce the absorption of cholesterol into your blood stream. Insoluble fiber decreases intestinal transit time thus promoting regular bowel movements to ensure your LDL cholesterol is being eliminated efficiently. It is suggested to consume between 25-30g of fiber per day.

   • Soluble fiber foods: Brussels sprouts, avocados, flax seeds, and black beans

   • Insoluble fiber foods: nuts, beans and vegetables, such as cauliflower, green beans and potatoes

2. Probiotics:

• Probiotics are healthy bacteria found in our gut. Fermented foods contain them and fiber containing foods feed them. Probiotics are suggested to reduce cholesterol by deconjugating bile acids, using cholesterol for nourishment, and/or incorporating cholesterol into the cell wall of the probiotic bacteria. Probiotics also help to keep us regular which decreases the chance for cholesterol to become re-absorbed.

• Sources of probiotics: yogurt, sauerkraut, kimchi, kombucha, miso, tempeh, pickles.

Lastly, outside of gut health and moving more into diet in general, the Mediterranean diet has been shown to be an effective approach to supporting healthy cholesterol levels. The Mediterranean diet includes the following:

Increased Omega 3 consumption:

• Foods high in omega 3’s can increase HDL while reducing triglycerides — a type of fat found in blood — as well as reduce your blood pressure and risk of developing blood clots.

• Omega 3 rich foods: Fish and other seafood (especially cold-water fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines) Nuts and seeds (such as flaxseed, chia seeds, and walnuts)

Increased consumption of Nuts/Seeds:

• Almonds and other tree nuts can improve blood cholesterol levels by reducing LDL. Almonds have been suggested to reduce LDL levels by reducing LDL reabsorption in the gut, increasing cholesterol and bile secretion into the gut, and regulating enzymes involved in cholesterol syntheses. 

Olive oil:

• Foods that contain monounsaturated fats (including olive oil) may raise HDL (good) cholesterol. The least processed form of olive oil to use is cold pressed extra virgin olive oil.

In health,

Dr. Brittany Pearce, ND., RHN.

References:

Vrins CL. From blood to gut: direct secretion of cholesterol via transintestinal cholesterol efflux. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(47):5953-5957. doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i47.5953

Jesch ED, Carr TP. Food Ingredients That Inhibit Cholesterol Absorption. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2017;22(2):67-80. doi:10.3746/pnf.2017.22.2.67

Freeman AM, Morris PB, Aspry K, Gordon NF, Barnard ND, Esselstyn CB, Ros E, Devries S, O'Keefe J, Miller M, Ornish D, Williams KA, Batts T, Ostfeld RJ, Litwin S, Aggarwal M, Werner A, Allen K, White B, Kris-Etherton P. A Clinician's Guide for Trending Cardiovascular Nutrition Controversies: Part II. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Jul 31;72(5):553-568. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.030. PMID: 30049315.

Cohen DE. Balancing cholesterol synthesis and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Lipidol. 2008;2(2):S1-S3. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2008.01.004

Cartolano FC, Dias GD, Miyamoto S, Damasceno NRT. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Functionality of High-Density Lipoprotein in Individuals With High Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized, Parallel, Controlled and Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Front Nutr. 2022 Feb 23;8:767535. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.767535. PMID: 35281761; PMCID: PMC8905646.

Berryman CE, Preston AG, Karmally W, Deckelbaum RJ, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of almond consumption on the reduction of LDL-cholesterol: a discussion of potential mechanisms and future research directions. Nutr Rev. 2011 Apr;69(4):171-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00383.x. PMID: 21457263.

Does Sugar Impact Our Immune System?

We all know it’s not ideal to have a diet high in sugar. Most of us know this with respect to managing our weight – but what about the immune system? What about colds, flus, autoimmune conditions, diabetes, cancer – does sugar consumption make us more susceptible? And if it does, how much does it take to make a difference?  Before we dive in, lets do a quick review of the immune system.

Above you’ll notice two main subdivisions of our immune system. We have our innate immunity, which can be thought of as the offense players and the adaptive immunity which could be considered the defence players. The innate immune system is first to respond (within minutes to hours) when there is a foreign invader. It’s the part of our immune system responsible for mounting a fever and initiating inflammation. Inflammation is useful in the short term for acute injuries or illnesses. Long term however, inflammation plays a strong role in the development of several diseases such as autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative disorders3. The innate immune response has no memory which means it responds the same way to all encountered pathogens. The adaptive immune system, also known as “acquired immunity” takes days to weeks to kick in. It is very specific and diverse to each type of pathogen it encounters which means it mounts a unique response to each pathogen after it has been “primed” or exposed to that pathogen. The adaptive immune system does have a memory which means it will respond faster the next time you are exposed to that pathogen.

How does sugar affect the immune system?

When we consume foods high in simple sugars, we get a post prandial (post meal) spike in the amount of sugar and triglycerides in our blood[1]. This is also known as “post prandial dysmetabolism” and it induces a wide variety of negative changes in the body. Just one high sugar meal can trigger transient effects such as:

Inhibition of neutrophils[2]

o  Neutrophils are part of the innate (first response) immune system. They patrol for foreign invaders and then trap and kill pathogens when discovered. High blood sugar prevents neutrophils from being able to get to the site of microbial infection (inhibition of migration), decreases their ability to trap pathogens (phagocytosis), and furthermore inhibits their ability to kill microbes2.

Increased inflammation and inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein1

o  Long term inflammation (such as with repeated exposure to a diet high in sugar) can cause a breakdown of immune tolerance which may lead to major alterations in all tissues and organs, as well as normal cellular physiology, which can increase the risk for various non-communicable diseases in both young and older individuals[3]. It can also impair normal immune function leading to increased susceptibility to infections and tumors as well as poor response to vaccines3.

Immediate oxidant stress (free radical production)1

o  Oxidant stress acutely triggers inflammation which negatively impacts the immune system3. In addition, this oxidant stress also increases LDL oxidation, vessel constriction and clot formation, all of which contribute to cardiovascular disease1.

Endothelial (blood vessel) dysfunction1 2

o  High blood sugar decreases blood vessel dilation (reducing blood flow) while simultaneously increasing leakiness of the blood vessels and how quickly the blood clots due to the inflammatory response. This reaction is similar to how a viral infection would trigger vascular inflammation leading to endothelial dysfunction, coagulation and cardiovascular disease[4]. Long term vessel “hyperpermeability” has been associated with increased aging and diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s[5].

Glycosylation of proteins and alteration of tertiary structures of complement2

o  While this might sound complicated, what is important to understand is that these changes make it difficult for the body to recognize foreign pathogens and eliminate them2. Changes in glycosylation may increase the inflammatory response, enable viral immune evasion (ability to escape), and promote cancer cell metastasis[6]. Auto-immune disease development such as lupus and irritable bowel disease involve glycosylation of one or more glycoproteins6.

This diagram shows a summary of how systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) develops and what it can lead to. 

How much sugar does it take?

To provide a little bit of context, the chart below shows the immediate effects of consuming a beverage containing 75g of glucose. This amount of sugar is similar to a cup and a half of white rice (68g). You will notice that within a few hours the amount of glucose and triglycerides increase significantly which leads to immediate oxidant stress (nitrotyrosine), inflammation (C reactive protein [CRP]) and endothelial dysfunction via decreased blood flow via reduction in the diameter of blood vessels (FMD).

Another study looking at the immediate effects of sugar consumption found that people who consumed 40 grams of added sugar from just one 375ml can of soda experienced an increase in inflammatory markers, insulin resistance and LDL cholesterol[7].

In addition to the above, high sugar containing meals can alter our gut barrier function and drive gut bacteria imbalances (also known as dysbiosis). This can lead to what is referred to as “leaky gut” or intestinal permeability which fuels inflammation and taxes the immune system further[8]. In addition, altered gut bacteria has been suggested to contribute to a multitude of immune-mediated disorders such as irritable bowel disease [9]. Furthermore, as mentioned above, diets high in sugar have been implicated in the development of all kinds of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type two diabetes, obesity, non alcoholic fatty liver disease, gout and autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis[10].

How much sugar should we have and how can we reduce the negative impacts of sugar on our immune system and overall health?

The Heart and Stroke Foundation recommends that you consume no more than 10% of your total calories per day from added sugar – ideally less than 5%[11]. This means for someone with a 2000 calorie/day diet you should consume less than 48g (10%) of sugar. This is slightly more than one can of pop. The following are some key things you can consider doing to reduce the impact of high sugar foods on your immune system and overall health:

Fiber and low glycemic carbohydrates:

o  When eating carbohydrates, try to choose high fiber, low glycemic index (glycemic index <55) foods such as whole grains, beans and legumes, vegetables and berries. Carbohydrates in these forms are much harder to digest thus slowing the rate sugar enters the blood stream.

Protein and fat

o  Ensure you consume a healthy source of protein and/or fat with each meal or snack. The addition of protein and fat also helps to slow the rate sugar is released into the blood stream which prevents a spike in blood sugar. An example might be having almond butter with your banana.

o  Below on the left is an example of how adding whey protein to the same glucose drink reduced the increase of blood sugar after drinking1. On the right we have an example of how adding 90g of almonds to a high glycemic index meal reduced the area under the curve for glucose by 58%1.

Vinegar:

o  Research suggests that 1-2 tablespoons of vinegar added to a meal can lower post prandial glucose by 25%-35% as well as increase post meal satiety by more than two-fold1.

Avoid low glycemic and highly processed foods/beverages

o  Avoid highly processed foods and beverages which often contain high amounts of simple sugars, high fructose corn syrup and white flour.

Walk/Exercise

o  Walk for 10-30 minutes after each meal[12]. Short walks after each meal were found to be more effective for blood sugar control than one-time daily exercise regimes or the use of metformin alone[13] [14].

Reading food labels can help you make an informed decision on the foods you are eating. Remember, the daily recommended amount of sugar is less than 48g.

Ex: Tropicana – One serving of Tropicana juice is 34g of sugar. This is 72% of the recommended daily intake of sugar. In addition, orange juice in general is considered to have a glycemic index of 66-76 which is considered moderately to very high in regard to how much it will raise our blood sugar. 

Another example is BBQ sauce. Bulls Eye BBQ sauce has 12g of sugar/2tbsp. This means that just two tablespoons equal to 25% of the daily recommended sugar intake. However often in meals with BBQ sauce (such as a burger) we are having a bun, and ketchup and french-fries as well. This one meal quickly throws us far over the daily recommended intake.

Working with a healthcare provider can help you pinpoint which risk factors you have and how to safely reduce your risk and support better overall immune health. Be sure to talk with your health care provider before making any drastic lifestyle or dietary changes.

In health,

Dr. Brittany Pearce, RHN., ND.

[1] O'Keefe JH, Gheewala NM, O'Keefe JO. Dietary strategies for improving post-prandial glucose, lipids, inflammation, and cardiovascular health. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Jan 22;51(3):249-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.016. PMID: 18206731.

[2] Jafar N, Edriss H, Nugent K. The Effect of Short-Term Hyperglycemia on the Innate Immune System. Am J Med Sci. 2016 Feb;351(2):201-11. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2015.11.011. PMID: 26897277.

[3] Furman, D., Campisi, J., Verdin, E. et al. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med 25, 1822–1832 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0

[4] Xu S, Jin T, Weng J. Endothelial Cells as a Key Cell Type for Innate Immunity: A Focused Review on RIG-I Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 5;13:951614. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951614. PMID: 35865527; PMCID: PMC9294349.

[5] Oakley R, Tharakan B. Vascular hyperpermeability and aging. Aging Dis. 2014;5(2):114-125. Published 2014 Apr 1. doi:10.14336/AD.2014.0500114

[6] Reily C, Stewart TJ, Renfrow MB, Novak J. Glycosylation in health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2019 Jun;15(6):346-366. doi: 10.1038/s41581-019-0129-4. PMID: 30858582; PMCID: PMC6590709.

[7] Aeberli I, Gerber PA, Hochuli M, Kohler S, Haile SR, Gouni-Berthold I, Berthold HK, Spinas GA, Berneis K. Low to moderate sugar-sweetened beverage consumption impairs glucose and lipid metabolism and promotes inflammation in healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Aug;94(2):479-85. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.013540. Epub 2011 Jun 15. PMID: 21677052.

[8] Camilleri M. Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans. Gut. 2019 Aug;68(8):1516-1526. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318427. Epub 2019 May 10. PMID: 31076401; PMCID: PMC6790068.

[9] Zheng, D., Liwinski, T. & Elinav, E. Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease. Cell Res 30, 492–506 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0332-7

[10] Moling O, Gandini L. Sugar and the Mosaic of Autoimmunity. Am J Case Rep. 2019;20:1364-1368. Published 2019 Sep 15. doi:10.12659/AJCR.915703

[11] https://www.heartandstroke.ca/healthy-living/healthy-eating/reduce-sugar

[12] Bellini A, Nicolò A, Bazzucchi I, Sacchetti M. The Effects of Postprandial Walking on the Glucose Response after Meals with Different Characteristics. Nutrients. 2022;14(5):1080. Published 2022 Mar 4. doi:10.3390/nu14051080

[13] Pahra D, Sharma N, Ghai S, Hajela A, Bhansali S, Bhansali A. Impact of post-meal and one-time daily exercise in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized crossover study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2017;9:64. Published 2017 Aug 31. doi:10.1186/s13098-017-0263-8

[14] Erickson ML, Little JP, Gay JL, McCully KK, Jenkins NT. Postmeal exercise blunts postprandial glucose excursions in people on metformin monotherapy. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Aug 1;123(2):444-450. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00213.2017. Epub 2017 May 18. PMID: 28522762.

Glutathione in the Treatment of Fatty Liver/NASH/NAFLD

Have you been told you have a “fatty liver” despite not consuming high amounts of alcohol? If so, you have NAFLD or NASH.

What is NASH/NAFLD?

>> Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD, Hepatic Steatosis, NASH)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic and multifactorial disorder characterized by excessive fatty acid accumulation in liver cells. Associated with metabolic syndromes, NAFLD is increasingly being recognized as a major cause of liver disease. It is a spectrum of liver abnormalities that ranges from nonalcoholic fatty liver to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. It is estimated that 25% of the global population has NAFLD, a number projected to continue to rise, and as it does, it is expected that more of these cases will progress to end-stage disease states requiring liver transplantation. A larger percentage of liver cancers in these cases occur before end-stage liver failure, and thus are less likely to be screened for, increasing the tendencies for liver tumors to be larger and more difficult to treat at the time they are diagnosed. Testing and diagnosis of NAFLD may include blood tests, imaging, and biopsy.

What causes it? 

Risk Factors

•    Metabolic syndrome (strongest risk factor)

• increased waist circumference (obesity)

• insulin resistance

• elevations in:

  • blood sugar

  • cholesterol

  • triglycerides

  • blood pressure

  • uric acid

•    Diabetes (up to 75% of individuals with type 2 diabetes have NAFLD)

•    Sleep apnea

•    Gut microbiome effects

•    Genetic factors

Image: Friedman et al. 2018

Why is it important to address?

Patients with NAFLD are twice as likely to die of cardiovascular disease than liver disease as a result of these shared risk factors. NAFLD in itself is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to its impacts on vascular health and inflammation.

How does it happen & what you can do about it?

Free fatty acids from either adipose tissue (fat), or from the conversion of excess carbohydrate intake, accumulate in the liver cell resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver injury.

As such, healthy eating habits and regular exercise can reduce the amount of free fatty acids and thereby prevent or reverse NAFLD. Glutathione supplementation can also help in the recovery of NASH/NAFLD.

What is Glutathione?

Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide made from amino acids, that is present in every cell of the human body, though is highly concentrated in the liver. Known as the ‘master antioxidant’ it directly scavenges reactive oxygen species, protecting your body from oxidative damage, and plays a crucial role in detoxification and cellular health. Reduced levels of glutathione have been associated with increased disease risk and progression, including NAFLD and other liver pathologies.

In addition to healthy diet and lifestyle habits, preliminary studies have shown beneficial effects of supplemental glutathione in the treatment of NAFLD, demonstrating a reduction of ALT–a liver enzyme elevated in liver dysfunction and one of the principal NAFLD biomarkers–after four months of treatment. Other studies demonstrated intravenous glutathione rapidly improved liver function, also evidenced by reduced biomarkers, in the treatment of other liver pathologies including chronic hepatitis B. Various nutrients, amino acids, herbal extracts, and probiotics have also been shown to increase glutathione activity in the body, and may be used in conjunction for enhanced therapeutic effect.

Find out if Glutathione is an option for you!

At Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine, we offer both oral and intravenous glutathione for the treatment of NAFLD and other conditions, as part of our comprehensive approach to our patients’ unique health history and needs. If you are interested in learning more about how we can assist you, give us a call or book online to connect with one of our naturopathic doctors who would be happy to assess your case and discuss treatment options appropriate for you.

*IV therapy requires a consultation and evaluation by one of our IV doctors to assess patient eligibility and treatment goals. For more information see our IV therapy page. 

Jacalyn Sieben, ND

Sources:

Friedman, S. L., Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A., Rinella, M., & Sanyal, A. J. (2018). Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nature medicine, 24(7), 908–922. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0104-9

Honda et al. (2017). Efficacy of glutathione for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, pilot study. BMC Gastroenterology. 17:96 DOI 10.1186/s12876-017-0652-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28789631/

Vairetti, M., Di Pasqua, L. G., Cagna, M., Richelmi, P., Ferrigno, A., & Berardo, C. (2021). Changes in Glutathione Content in Liver Diseases: An Update. Antioxidants, 10(3), 364. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030364

Qian, L., Wang, W., Zhou, Y., & Ma, J. (2017). Effects of reduced glutathione therapy on chronic hepatitis B. Central-European journal of immunology, 42(1), 97–100. https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2016.65894

Make Every Day Self-Care Day!

Our busy, modern lives can sometimes make it hard for us to tune into our body’s needs. Here are some of our favorite tips on how to keep balanced while keeping busy!

At home…

Get Outside

Being in nature has numerous mental and physical benefits. Nature therapy has gained popularity as a means to reduce stress and promote healing. Research has come to the same conclusion as nature therapy practices have been shown to reduce heart rate, blood pressure, and the stress hormone, cortisol, when compared to measurements in other environments. (1)

Connect With Loved Ones

It likely does not come as a surprise that social isolation is associated with increased risk for mental health problems–in particular, depression, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and anger. Try to make an active effort to spend time with people you love whether you are able to do so in person or via a virtual connection. (2)

Screen Time Breaks

While technology has improved our lives in an abundance of ways, there can be too much of a good thing. Studies show that increased screen time is associated with negative outcomes such as lowered self-esteem, increased incidence and severity of mental health issues and addictions, slowed learning and acquisition, and an increased risk of premature cognitive decline. Use your screen time wisely–in moderation and with intention. Consider setting time limits on your devices and cleaning up your follow lists on social media to make your social feeds more of a positive space to engage with. (3)

Balanced Nutrition

Enjoying a balanced variety of nutrient-rich, whole foods to fuel your body optimally helps to reduce inflammation and keep your blood sugar (and moods) stable. In general, you should aim for half of your plate to be vegetables, 1/4 complex carbs (whole grains, starchy vegetables), and 1/4 protein. Healthy fats should be incorporated into each meal (avocado, nuts, olive oil, etc), and fruit makes for excellent snacks or dessert. Water intake is imperative for the maintenance of good health and most healthy adults should aim for 2-3L of water daily.

Sleep

It’s not just for beauty! As neuroscientist Matthew Walker says, “There does not seem to be one major organ within the body, or process within the brain, that isn’t optimally enhanced by sleep (and detrimentally impaired when we don’t get enough).” Adequate, quality sleep (7-9 hours per night) is vital for tissue regeneration, and slacking on your sleep can increase your propensity for weight gain, chronic disease, and even cancer. If you are struggling to get a good night’s sleep, our naturopathic doctors would love to help!

At Saskatoon Naturopathic Medicine…

Acupuncture

An effective traditional therapy for many conditions including stress, anxiety, sleep, pain, digestion, and hormonal concerns.

Massage

Our knowledgeable massage therapists offer relaxing and therapeutic massage as well as myofascial release and patient self-care education such as stretching, strengthening and postural awareness.

Somatic Experiencing™

Somatic Experiencing™ is a body-based approach to treating the effects of trauma. Specifically, the symptoms that arise when trauma is held in the body, including chronic or severe pain that does not respond well to medication, headaches, digestive issues, fear, difficulty sleeping, anxiety and depression. Somatic Experiencing™ works with the nervous system and the body’s innate ability to heal and recover from the symptoms of physiological stress. Treatment is gentle, supportive and enhances the effectiveness of the traditional exercise-based physiotherapy and counselling approaches.

Nutritional IV Therapy

IV nutrient therapy is a method of administering water-soluble nutrients (vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and amino acids) directly into the blood stream. When you infuse nutrients intravenously, you bypass the digestive system, and this achieves a higher blood concentration beyond what is orally possible, especially if digestive function is compromised. Great for many conditions as well as health optimization and energy support. (See our website or call the clinic for more details).

Targeted Therapeutics

If you are looking for a comprehensive approach to your self-care, book a consultation with one of our naturopathic doctors who will conduct a thorough assessment of your health and come up with a customized plan just for you! With a variety of treatment modalities and testing options available, a targeted treatment plan can eliminate some of the guess-work and help you reach your self-care goals more quickly.

Written by Jacalyn Sieben ND

Sources:

1. Hansen, M. M., Jones, R., &amp; Tocchini, K. (2017). Shinrin-Yoku (Forest Bathing) and Nature Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 851. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080851

2. Henssler, J., Stock, F., van Bohemen, J. et al. (2021). Mental health effects of infection containment strategies: quarantine and isolation—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 271, 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01196-x

3. Neophytou, E., Manwell, L.A. &amp; Eikelboom, R. (2021). Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Neurodevelopment, Learning, Memory, Mental Health, and Neurodegeneration: a Scoping Review. Int J Ment Health Addiction 19, 724–744. DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00182-2